[SOLVED] TypeError <lambda> missing 1 required positonal argument

Issue

For school I have to finish some exercises. I keep getting this error:

TypeError <lambda> () missing 1 required positional argument: 'f2'

and I have no idea what I’m doing wrong. This code is supposed to do multiple things, namely:

1. Function OR takes two functions as inputs and returns a lambda which, given one input, applies both functions to such input and computes the ‘or’ of the results.
2. Function OR takes two functions as inputs and returns a lambda which, given one input, applies both functions to such input and computes the ‘or’ of the results.
3. Function OR takes two functions as inputs and returns a lambda which, given one input, applies both functions to such input and concatenates the results.
4. f1 is a lambda that checks if the input is odd.
5. f2 is a lambda that checks if the input is positive.
6. surround is a lambda which given a number, returns a string made by that number surrounded by square brackets.
7. toStar is a lambda which given any input returns the string '*'.

This is my code:

def OR(f2, f1):
   return lambda f1, f2 : True if (f1 or f2) else False

def AND(f1, f2):
   return lambda  f1, f2 : True if f1 and f2 else False

def CONCAT(f, g):
  return lambda f, g : f + g

f1 = lambda f1: False if f1 % 2 == 0 else True
f2 = lambda f2: True if f2 > 0 else False
surround = lambda c : '[' + str(c) + ']'
toStar = lambda c : str(c) + '*'

a = 7
b = 9
c = 5
res1 = OR(f1, f2)(a)
res1b = AND(f1, f2)(a)
res2 = OR(f1, f2)(b)
res2b = AND(f1, f2)(b)
res3 = CONCAT(surround, toStar)(c)
res4 = CONCAT(toStar, surround)(c)
print()

Does anybody have a clue what I’m doing wrong?

Solution

OR and AND should return a function of one argument, which calls both of its wrapped functions on that argument:

def OR(f1, f2):
    return lambda x: True if f1(x) or f2(x) else False

which can be simplified, if f1 and f2 are guaranteed to be predicates, to

def OR(f1, f2):
    return lambda x: f1(x) or f2(x)

CONCAT, similar, needs to call its wrapped functions:

def CONCAT(f1, f2):
    return lambda x: f1(x) + f2(x)

(The caller of CONCAT is responsible for ensuring that the return values of f1 and f2 are, in fact, valid operands to +.)

Answered By – chepner

Answer Checked By – Dawn Plyler (BugsFixing Volunteer)